From Collective Ritual to Social Cohesion
Explaining Social Capital Reproduction through Nyacarkeun Jalan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25157/jamasan.v2i2.6152Keywords:
collective ritual, social capital reproduction, social cohesion, Nyacarkeun Jalan, rural communityAbstract
Collective rituals continue to shape social relations in many rural communities, yet the mechanisms through which they reproduce social capital remain insufficiently explained in studies of local traditions. Existing scholarship has primarily documented the cultural values embedded in traditional practices, while the processes connecting ritual participation, social trust, collective norms, and social cohesion have received limited analytical attention. This study examines how the Nyacarkeun Jalan tradition reproduces social capital in a Sundanese rural community through an intrinsic qualitative case study conducted in Dusun Linggaharja, Ciamis, Indonesia. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with nineteen purposively selected informants, and document analysis, followed by interactive analysis using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña framework. The findings indicate that repeated participation in collective rituals generates social trust, reinforces norms of reciprocity and shared responsibility, expands intergenerational social networks, and strengthens community cohesion. The study proposes a mechanism of social capital reproduction through collective ritual, integrating the complementary perspectives of Bourdieu, Coleman, and Putnam. This conceptual contribution positions local tradition as an enduring institutional process for sustaining collective action and rural social resilience amid contemporary social transformation.
References
Aldrich, D. P., & Meyer, M. A. (2015). Social Capital and Community Resilience. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(2), 254-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214550299
Alfarizi, R., Brata, Y. R., & Sudarto, S. (2025). Value of Local Wisdom in the Nadran Tradition at the Ki Buyut Manguntapa Site in Baregbeg District, Ciamis. JAMASAN: Jurnal Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah, 1(2), 206-229. https://doi.org/10.25157/jamasan.v1i2.5490
Arisanty, D., Rajiani, I., Mutiani, M., Hastuti, K. P., Abbas, E. W., Rosadi, D., & Muhaimin, M. (2023). Social capital of Banjarese for peatland fire mitigation: Combining local wisdom and environment. World, 4(4), 745–757. https://doi.org/10.3390/world4040047
Aritenang, A. (2021). The role of social capital on rural enterprises economic performance: A case study in Indonesia villages. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211044178
Ashworth, G. J. (2013). From history to heritage–from heritage to identity: In search of concepts and models. In Building a new heritage (RLE tourism) (pp. 13-30). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203068564-3
Berger, R. (2015). Now I see it, now I don’t: Researcher’s position and reflexivity in qualitative research. Qualitative research, 15(2), 219-234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794112468475
Bhandari, H., & Yasunobu, K. (2009). What is social capital? A comprehensive review of the concept. Asian Journal of Social Science, 37(3), 480-510. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853109X436847
Bourdieu, P. (2018). The forms of capital. In The sociology of economic life (pp. 78-92). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429494338-6
Bourdieu, P. (2011). The forms of capital.(1986). Cultural theory: An anthology, 1(81-93), 949. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=O5uGEAAAQBAJ&oi
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.) Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (New York, Greenwood), 241-258. https://www.ucg.ac.me/skladiste/blog_9155/objava_66783/fajlovi/Bourdieu%20The%20Forms%20of%20Capital%20_1_.pdf
Bourdieu, P. (1977). The economics of linguistic exchanges. Social science information, 16(6), 645-668. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847701600601
Brown, D. L., & Schafft, K. A. (2011). Rural people and communities in the 21st century: Resilience and transformation. Polity. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=ZODb_USsxCEC&oi
Cai, Yunci; Thornton, Sarah; Ang, Roslynn; Chua, Liana; Page, Susan; Upton, Caroline (2022). Peran Pengetahuan Adat Di Dalam Konservasi Lingkungan Dan Warisan Budaya. University of Leicester. Report. https://doi.org/10.25392/leicester.data.19452638.v1
Carmen, E., Fazey, I., Ross, H. et al. (2022). Building community resilience in a context of climate change: The role of social capital. Ambio 51, 1371–1387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01678-9
Claridge, T. (2020). Social capital at different levels and dimensions: a typology of social capital. Social Capital Research, 13, 88-107. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8016096
Clark, C., Nyaupane, G. P., & Xiao, X. (2026). Building Community Resilience and Adaptive Capacity Through Investments in Tourism and Conservation. Journal of Travel Research, 65(2), 392-410. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875241304482
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American journal of sociology, 94, S95-S120. https://doi.org/10.1086/228943
Cui, Y., Youjing Wang, & Jinshi Jiang. (2024). Sustainable Development of China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage in Rural Revitalization based on Experience Perspective. Problemy Ekorozwoju , 19(2), 265–271. https://doi.org/10.35784/preko.5809
Davies, S., & Rizk, J. (2018). The three generations of cultural capital research: A narrative review. Review of Educational Research, 88(3), 331-365. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654317748423
Deacon, H. (2003). Convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage. Paris, France: Unesco. ITH/09/4.COM 3.BUR/Decisions
Erawati, N., & Fauzah, Z. (2025). Pendidikan Multikultural Untuk Mempererat Kebersamaan Peserta Didik Melalui Tradisi Makan Bedulang Masyarakat Belitung. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar (JIPDAS), 5(2), 1483-1493. https://doi.org/10.37081/jipdas.v5i2.2615
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. Basic Books.
Guest, G., Namey, E., & Chen, M. (2020). A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research. PloS one, 15(5), e0232076. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232076
Halpern, D. (2005). Social capital. Polity. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=fAdR6ufr8NsC&oi
Heritage, U. I. C., & Rii, P. (2020). Convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage. In Proceedings of the Report of the Eleventh Annual Coordination Meeting of Category (Vol. 2). https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/71407-EN.pdf
Hilalludin, H., Sugari, D., Mustakfibillah, M., & Maryani, E. D. (2025). Peran Modal Sosial dalam Membangun Ketahanan Masyarakat pada Era Post-Pandemi. SciNusa: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 1(03), 15-29. https://www.risetcendikia.com/index.php/jurnal-scinusa/article/view/58
Hobsbawm, E., & Ranger, T. (Eds.). (1983). The invention of tradition. Cambridge University Press.
Imperiale, A. J., & Vanclay, F. (2021). Conceptualizing community resilience and the social dimensions of risk to overcome barriers to disaster risk reduction and sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 29(5), 891-905. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2182
Kariveliparambil, A., Rasi, R. A., Ahmad, M. S., Öztaş, N., & Ayan, F. S. (2026). Evolving Social Capital in Indigenous Communities: Perspectives on Trust, Reciprocity, and Cultural Preservation Among Irula Elders. Journal of Social Service Research, 52(1), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2025.2579519
Kiess, J. (2026). Building democratic resilience: the impact of political engagement during education on xenophobia and political trust. Acta Polit 61, 156–176. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-024-00370-6
Kirby, N. (2026). Strengthening community resilience through participation – a conceptual exploration. Environmental Sociology, 12(1), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2025.2479666
Labadi, S., Giliberto, F., Rosetti, I., Shetabi, L., & Yildirim, E. (2021). Heritage and the sustainable development goals: Policy guidance for heritage and development actors. International Journal of Heritage Studies. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/89231/1/ICOMOS_SDGs_Policy_Guidance_2021.pdf
Lee, C., Hallak, R., & Shaheer, I. (2024). Human capital, social capital, and psychological capital of tourism entrepreneurs. Handbook of tourism entrepreneurship, 56-68. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803920023.00012
Leonardi, R., Nanetti, R. Y., & Putnam, R. D. (2001). Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy (p. 89). Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton university press.
Lincoln, Y. S. (2007). Naturalistic Inquiry. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosn006
Lincoln, Y. S. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry (Vol. 75). sage. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2oA9aWlNeooC&oi
Lubis, A. F. (2025). Peran Kearifan Lokal dalam Memperkuat Kohesi Sosial di Komunitas Pedesaan di Indonesia. Sanskara Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 3(01), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.58812/sish.v3i01.722
Makaruku, N. D., Manuputty, F., Litaay, S. C. H., & Afdhal, A. (2024). Kai-Wait sebagai Modal Sosial Inklusif: Tradisi Lokal dalam Membangun Solidaritas Lintas Agama di Maluku: Kai-Wait as Inclusive Social Capital: Local Tradition in Building Interfaith Solidarity in Maluku. Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 4(03), 1609-1622. https://doi.org/10.47709/educendikia.v4i03.5453
Maulana, F., Brata, Y. R., & Sudarto, S. (2025). Eco-Traditions and Local Wisdom of Nyapu Kabuyutan in Situs Gunung Payung, Sirnajaya Village. JAMASAN: Jurnal Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah, 1(2), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.25157/jamasan.v1i2.5501
Meissner, M. (2021). Intangible cultural heritage and sustainable development. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79938-0
Nafilah, M. A., Nurholis, E., & Sudarto, S. (2024). Kampung Naga: Dinamika Moderenisasi Dan Ketahanan Budaya Dalam Perspektif Adat Istiadat Dan Sistem Kepercayaan. JKDB: Jurnal Konservasi dan Budaya, 1(2), 173-185. https://www.ojs.unigal.ac.id/index.php/jkdb/article/view/4747
Nuraini, S., Brata, Y. R., & Sudarto, S. (2025). Sedekah Kupat: The Socio-Cultural Representation and Solidarity of the Wanareja Community, Cilacap. JAMASAN: Jurnal Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah, 1(3), 383-401. https://doi.org/10.25157/jamasan.v1i3.5569
Oflazoğlu, S., & Dora, M. (2024). The role of rituals and cultural heritage in post-disaster social resilience: the case of Antakya. Gender & Development, 32(3), 821–840. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2024.2424625
Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Pres. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4xg6oUobMz4C&oi
Patton, C., Sawicki, D., & Clark, J. (2015). Basic methods of policy analysis and planning. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315664736
Pinto, M. R., Fabbricatti, K., & Bosone, M. (2019). Heritage Community Resilience for sustainable and resilient human settlements. World Heritage and Legacy: Culture, Creativity, Contamination; Gambardella, C., Ed, 1120-1129.
Pooyan, Z., & Hokugo, A. (2025). Community resilience and social capital: Hindering vs fostering factors. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 118, 105213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105213
Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual review of sociology, 24(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1
Prastyo, R. E., Wisadirana, D., Rozuli, A. I., & Hakim, M. L. (2024). Social capital's impact on Indonesia's urban and rural areas. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 12(1), e2714-e2714. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i1.2714
Putnam, R. D. (2015). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In The city reader (pp. 188-196). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315748504-30
Putnam, R. D. (Ed.). (2002). Democracies in flux: The evolution of social capital in contemporary society. Oxford University Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=24sRDAAAQBAJ&oi
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon and schuster. https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990
Putnam, R., Leonardi, R. & Nanetti, R. (1994). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400820740
Rahmadania, A. N., Wiyono, H., Wahyuni, F. S., Sikwan, A., Zatalini, A., & Khosihan, A. (2026). The Role of Social Capital in Preserving the “Naik Ayun” Tradition: A Study of the Bugis Community in Kubu Raya. Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Humaniora, 17(1), 97-109. https://doi.org/10.26418/j-psh.v17i1.100602
Ramdani, D., Agustina, D. D., & Sudarto, S. (2025). Paguyuban Puseur Galuh: Keterlibatan Pemuda dan Pemulihan Identitas Budaya Lokal di Era Globalisasi. Unigal Press. http://repository.unigal.ac.id/handle/123456789/7443
Rosetti, I., Bertrand Cabral, C., Pereira Roders, A., Jacobs, M., & Albuquerque, R. (2022). Heritage and sustainability: Regulating participation. Sustainability, 14(3), 1674. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031674
Sabet, N. S., & Khaksar, S. (2024). The performance of local government, social capital and participation of villagers in sustainable rural development. The Social Science Journal, 61(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/03623319.2020.1782649
Samsiar, S., Zakso, A., & Rustiyarso, R. (2020). Tradisi Naik Ayun Dalam Perspektif Interaksionisme Simbolik (Studi Masyarakat Etnis Bugis Di Desa Punggur Besar Kabupaten Kubu Raya). Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa (JPPK), 9(7). https://doi.org/10.26418/jppk.v9i7.41705
Saputra, A. A., & Samudra, D. (2025). Peran Tradisi Kenduri dalam Membangun Modal Sosial (Aspek Bahasa Komunikasi) di Masyarakat Pedesaan. Jurnal Bahasa & Sastra, 1(01), 1-7. https://journal.merivamedia.com/lafdzuna/article/view/3
Schwandt, T. (2015). Evaluation Foundations Revisited: Cultivating a Life of the Mind for Practice. Redwood City: Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804795722
Schwandt, T. A. (2014). The Sage dictionary of qualitative inquiry. Sage publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QxYzBgAAQBAJ&oi
Scott, J. (2014). A matter of record: Documentary sources in social research. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dDLKAwAAQBAJ&oi
Shakya, M., & Vagnarelli, G. (2024). Creating value from intangible cultural heritage—The role of innovation for sustainable tourism and regional rural development. European Journal of Cultural Management and Policy, 14, 12057. https://doi.org/10.3389/ejcmp.2024.12057
Singgalen, Y. A. (2020), Moyooka: Nilai Sosio-Kultural Perempuan Halmahera dalam Penghidupan Rumah Tangga di Wilayah Pedesaan The Moyooka: Socio-Cultural Value of Halmahera Woman in Rural Household Livelihood. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 08(03). 179-193 https://doi.org/10.22500/8202031163
Smith, L. (2006). Uses of heritage. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203602263
Smith, L., & Waterton, E. (2013). Heritage, communities and archaeology. Bloomsbury Publishing. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ecCOAQAAQBAJ&oi
Stake, R., & Visse, M. (1995). Case study research. Cham: Springer. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ApGdBx76b9kC&oi
Stake, R., & Visse, M. (2023). Case study research. In International Encyclopedia of Education: Fourth Edition (pp. 85-91). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.11010-3
Sudarto, S., Wijayanti, Y., Pramesti, C. S., & Agustina, D. D. (2024). Pengelolaan Pertanian Berkelanjutan Berbasis Eco-spirituality dalam Tradisi Komunitas Adat Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Cultural Socio-Ecological System (Studi Pada Tradisi Komunitas Adat Di Tajakembang–Cilacap). Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 30(3), 367-390. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.100561
Sudarto, S., Nurholis, E., Brata, Y. R., Saefudin, A., & Ramdani, D. (2026). Menuju Kolaborasi Pedagogi-Ekologi: Memahami Preferensi Siswa terhadap Ecoliteracy di Cultural Landscape Pesisir Cilacap. Jurnal Wahana Pendidikan, 13(1), 261-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/jwp.v13i1.23437
Suryana, A., Ratih, D., Sudarto, S., Sondarika, W., Wijayanti, Y., Kusmayadi, Y., ... & Wahyunita, R. (2024). Peranan Budaya Kampung Adat Kuta Di Era Globalisasi. http://repository.unigal.ac.id/handle/123456789/6128
Swart, I. (2017). Social capital, religious social capital and the missing element of religious ritual. Religion and Theology, 24(3-4), 221-249. https://doi.org/10.1163/15743012-02403008
Tacoli, C. (1998). Rural-urban interactions: a guide to the literature. Environment & Urbanization, 10(1), 147-166. https://doi.org/10.1177/095624789801000105
Taylor, M. N. (2009). Intangible heritage governance, cultural diversity, ethno-nationalism. Focaal, 2009(55), 41-58. https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2009.550104
UNESCO. (2003). UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000132540_chi
UNESCO. (2022). Operational Directives for the implementation of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/2003_Convention_Basic_Texts-_2022_version-EN_.pdf
UNESCO. (2025). The representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000217032
White, R.E., Cooper, K. (2022). Case Study Research. In: Qualitative Research in the Post-Modern Era. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85124-8_7
Whitehouse, H., & Lanman, J. A. (2014). The ties that bind us: Ritual, fusion, and identification. Current Anthropology, 55(6), 674-695. https://doi.org/10.1086/678698
Wilson, G. A. (2015). Community Resilience and Social Memory. Environmental Values, 24(2), 227-257. https://doi.org/10.3197/096327114X13947900182157
Wulandah, S. (2022). Modal Sosial dalam Tradisi Makan Bedulang pada Masyarakat Desa Cerucuk Kecamatan Badau Kabupaten Belitung (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia). https://repository.upi.edu/72705/
Wulandah, S., Iqbal, M., & Yulianti, I. (2021). Social capital in the tradition of eating bedulang in the people of Cerucuk Village, Badau District, Belitung Regency. Harmoni Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS, 8(2), 150–162. https://doi.org/10.21831/hsjpi.v8i2.49164
Yang, Q., Davenport, B., & Zhang, L. (2025). How do older people conserve cultural heritage in rural areas: evidence from Zhejiang, China. Journal of the Institute of Conservation, 48(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2024.2440935
Zabulis, X., Partarakis, N., Zidianakis, E., & Kaplanidi, D. (2025). A Critical Review of the Function of Intangible Cultural Heritage as a Driver for Social Resilience and Cohesion. Encyclopedia, 5(4), 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5040189
Zhang, S., Zhang, X. & Liu, J. (2024). Spatial distribution and pedigree age of intangible cultural heritage along the Grand Canal of China. Herit Sci 12, 246. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01357-4
Zhang, B., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Exploring knowledge sharing intention of digitalization of rural intangible cultural heritage (DRICH): Integrating stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory and social exchange theory (SET). PLoS One, 20(6), e0325892. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325892
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 JAMASAN: Jurnal Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Articles published in JAMASAN: Journal of History Education Students are licensed under:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
This license allows readers and users to:
-
Copy, distribute, display, and adapt the work.
-
Use the work for any purpose, including commercial use.
Under the following conditions:
-
Attribution – Users must give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
-
No additional restrictions – Users may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Copyright remains with the author(s), while the journal retains the right of first publication.
